Tuesday, March 30, 2010

Softwares available for estimation, analysis and justification based on DSR-2007


Hi,

This blog is dedicated to all the engineers who follow the DSR 2007.
I read many queries on various sites and forums from engineers regarding preparation of estimate, analysis and justification statements.

Here are some useful links for CPWD Engineers.

1) Link for Circulars & Correction Slips Issued by CPWD
(http://cpwd.gov.in/sys_update/circular_pagemodified.aspx)

2) Link for Old Circulars
(http://cpwd.gov.in/Archives.htm)

3) CPWD and other useful Publications, DSR Download
(http://cpwd.gov.in/Publications.htm)

4) CPWD Forms
(http://cpwd.gov.in/forms.pdf)

5) CPWD Promotions and Transfers Status
(http://pwd.delhigovt.nic.in/pims/frmtransferpromotioncpwdA.aspx)

CPWD engineers and contractors who follow DSR-2007 spend hours in preparing estimates, analysis of rates and justification statements.
Here are some useful software’s for engineers to prepare estimates, analysis of rates and justification statements based on DSR 2007.


1) ESTA 2007 (www.ojasvi.in)

ESTA 2007 is well established Software being used by thousands of Engineers in preparing detail Estimate, Market Rate Justification, Schedule of work for NIT and Tender documents, Comparative Statements, contractor bills etc.
This software is being used by more than 55 Govt. Departments and many Private Builders through out India:
By use of software ESTA 2007, the working of Engineers has changed drastically and their efficiency has been increased many folds.

List of Clients of ESTA 2007
(http://www.ojasvisoftware.com/Client.html)


Salient Features of ESTA 2007

Security
All the Database and Estimates are completely safe with two levels of passwords one for user and other for Officer-In-Charge.

Multiple Database
Multiple Database can be run on Esta 2002 i.e. SR 2007 (Civil), SR 2007 (Electrical) and/or any other database.

Estimate
Estimate can be prepared by selecting the items and entering the quantities. Abstract of cost will be generated automatically with cost index, contingencies and departmental charges.

Analysis of Rates
The analysis of rates for estimate items can be modified with-in minutes by modifying rates of material & labour based on current market rates.

Justification Statements
Two types of justification statements will be automatically generated based on updated analysis. The 1st one is the conventional and the 2nd one segregates the SR-items and Market rate items in separate groups.

Schedule for NIT (with Rates)
For the Estimate prepared, Schedule for NIT (with rates) and abstract of cost will be automatically generated.

Schedule for Tender
For the Estimate prepared schedule for tender document/ NIT (without rates) and abstract of cost will be automatically generated.

Sub Heads in Entry order/ SR Order
Sub heads of items in a Estimate can be arranged either in SR order (in the order as given in SR) or Entry order (in the order as they are entered).

With Subhead/ without Subhead
Items of the Estimate can be arranged either under different sub heads or in continuous order without sub heads.

Quantum of Basic Material & Labour
Quantum of basic material and labour components required in the project/ work will be automatically generated including cost wise percentage part of each component.

Comparative Statement of tenderers
Comparative statement can be prepared by entering the tenderer’s name and their quoted rates. The lowest tenderer’s name and his percentage rates above or below the estimated cost will be automatically highlighted in bottom of the report. Furthermore there is no limit on the number of tenderers to be entered with Esta 2002.

Comparative Statement of lowest, just & Estimate
Comparative statement of lowest tenderer, justified and estimated rates will automatically be generated and can be printed just by clicking on icon.

Schedule for Agreement
Schedule of work of agreement can be prepared by selecting the tenderer serial number. By changing the negotiated item’s rate if any, the schedule of work will be modified automatically.

Schedule of ALR/AHR Items
Esta 2007 will automatically define the ALR/AHR items by comparing agreement rate with justified rates (estimated rates duly enhanced by cost index).

Running Account Bill
Running account bill of contractor can be prepared by selecting the items from agreement items, extra items and substituted items and by entering the quantity & part rates.

Part Rate Statement
Part rate statement is automatically generated for each running bill prepared and can be printed directly.

Cement Consumption Statement
Cement Consumption statement is automatically generated for each running bill prepared and can be printed directly.


Extra Item Statement
Extra item statement can be prepared by selecting the items in the same manner as in estimate. The percentage above or below to SR rates (as of similar agreement item from SR/ Estimated rate) is to fed.

Substituted Item Statement
Substituted item statement can prepared by selecting the agreement item to be substituted and then the item by which it is to be substituted. The percentage above or below (as of substituted Item from SR/estimate rate) is to fed

Final Account Bill
Final account bill of contractor can be prepared by selecting the items from agreement items, extra item and substituted item and by entering the quantities.

Deviation Statement
The Deviation statement is automatically generated and can be printed for every running bill and final bill.


Sequence of Operations
All operations has been arranged as per the procedure adopted by most of the Public Works Departments and other Engineering Departments in the following sequence:

1. Preparation of Estimate, NIT (with Rates), tender documents.
2. Analysis of rates and justification statement.
3. Preparation of comparative statement of tenders received.
4. Schedule of work for agreement.
5. Schedule of ALR/AHR Items.
6. Running account bill.
7. Part Rate Statement.
8. Cement Consumption statement.
9. Extra item statement with analysis of rates.
10. Substituted item statement with analysis of rates.
11. Final account bill.
12. Deviation statement



2) CPA (CPWD Planning Application)
(http://cpwd.gov.in/CPAWebPage/CPAwebpage.html)

CPWD Planning Application (CPA) based on DSR 2007 has been developed which will substantially reduce cycle time of planning activities. The software integrates the useful features and facilities generally needed in planning offices. This will also enhance capability of the employees to utilize IT based systems in CPWD.

Features of CPA

• Modified DSR items and Non Schedule Items can be entered including analysis of rates, so that the analysis can be used for the justification of rates. To reduce typing work the item and analysis of rate data from another existing item can be copied to other items and then modified as required. The analysis of rates of modified DSR and Non Schedule items can be copied to the estimate, so that when the estimate is sent another office the justification can be done for these items even though the analysis of rates of these items is not present in the master database of that office.

• There is flexibility in feeding the analysis of rate to enter mathematical formulas, sub analysis items etc.

• Items are listed in the descending order of percentage of estimated cost along with the cumulative percentage, so that the items up to 90% of estimate cost can be selected easily for justification. If the user does not want to enter the analysis of rate for non schedule / modified schedule items, then the justified rate can be directly entered for justification. The program indicates by color coding the user entered justified rates.

• Percentage of each item is worked out and bar chart is displayed and it can be sorted by the user. This gives an idea of weightage of different items in the estimate. Percentage of schedule items over the total estimated cost is also displayed as a bar to give an idea that the program is dominated by schedule items or non schedule items.

• Reports of abstract of cost, detailed estimate, list of basic rates for justification, comparative statement, justification statement etc. can be printed in the same format as being used in the department including the (designations) stamps of offices.

• Three levels of security is provided. The DSR items, DAR and basic rates for DAR cannot be added, deleted or modified by either by the admin user or the normal user. The modified schedule items, NS items and analysis can be added, deleted or modified by the admin user. Apart from this, the data which is stored in master database like cost index data, contractors data etc. can be created and modified only by the admin user. The normal user cannot save any data to the master database. This has been provided to have better security and to avoid any change in the DSR, DAR and basic rates for DAR either intentionally or unintentionally. If any correction slip is issued for these, the changes will be made and the corrected database will be posted on CPWD website for download.

• After entering the data, the estimate can be locked to avoid unwanted modifications.

• Estimate can be created from a template file, so that the commonly required options can be stored in the template to save time.

• Back up of estimate can be created and all the files are neatly organized in folders.

• The items can be filtered based on item type, selection, subhead, words in the description of the item and the filtered items will be displayed in the table.

• Estimate, schedule of quantities for NIT, list of basic materials can be exported to excel compatible spreadsheet. After receiving the market rates in spreadsheet, the market rates can be imported from spreadsheet for justification.

• Color highlighting is provided to easily identify the DSR, Non Schedule items, selected items, items with quantity blank etc.

• NIT including CPWD-6, CPWD-8 form and schedule of quantities is generated in word format. The user can edit the template file to modify the NIT template as per the requirements. It can be later used for preparation of tender documents.

• The total quantity and amount of basic material and labour is worked out. The basic material and and labour required for each item and the itemwise break up of the basic material and labour can be viewed


3) Super Estimator Software

This superb and painstakingly-made software is best of civil estimations, bidding and rate-analysis. In just a few clicks, you can prepare all kinds of estimates based on SOR (Schedule of Rates) items or NS (non-Schedule) items or a mix of both, make use of Standard Template feature for quick working including earthwork, buildings, roads, bridges, tunnels, railways, etc. Prepare Rate Analysis also with same ease.



4) Tera Pro (http://www.concretebasics.org/terapro/index.html)

Designed for use by engineers & contractors, the software stands out as an unique Single Point Solution to Engineers' & Contractors' requirements for quick, easy & accurate preparation of estimates after conducting rate analysis in a professional way, inviting Tenders, financial evaluation of tenders including justification of received rates/offers (as per market analysis) & comparison of various financial offers.


Features of Tera Pro

• Compatible with "Schedule of Rates" (i.e. SOR) & "Analysis of Rates" (i.e. AOR) of all the Government departments like C.P.W.D, Railways, M.E.S, State PWDs etc.

• Permits preparation of Estimates, Tender notices, Justification Statements, Comparative Statements & bills

• Permits preparation of Material Statement & Labour Statement for a particular job

• Can be used as the Central Data Bank for all Estimates & Rate Analysis being prepared by your organization.

• Comes inbuilt with Standard reports for "Notice Inviting Tender" (i.e. NIT), "NIT Schedule", "Abstract Estimate", "Detailed Estimate", "Analysis of Rates", "Justification Statement", "Comparative Statement" , "Labour Requirement Statement", "Material Requirement" Statement etc. Export to WORD/EXCEL facility gives you an added facility to further customize the reports to your specific requirements.

• Advance security features ensure that tempering of data by unauthorised persons does not take place.

• Extremely easy to use .....can be efficiently utilized by even the non-engineers!



5) Build System

BuildSYSTEM is a comprehensive building construction cost database, with an estimating software. It has been jointly developed by Integrated Project Management Group and R.S. Means, USA. The technical collaboration between IPMG and R.S. Means, USA has been approved by the Ministry of Commerce & Industry , vide their letter no. 51 (2004) / 31 ( 2004 ) / PAB-IL, dated 30 July, 2004.

The major features of BuildSYSTEM are :

• Comprises of the following construction cost databases:

• IPMG’s 5000 Items of Work relating to civil , plumbing , electrical , mechanical and HVAC - 2009, with Analysis of Rates .

• CPWD’s Delhi Schedule of Rates - 2002, with Analysis of Rates .

• CPWD’s Delhi Schedule of Rates - 2007, with Analysis of Rates, (Civil & Electrical) .

• Ministry of Road Transport & Highway’s Standard Data Book – 2003, with
Analysis of Rates.

• The coding of all the items of work, materials, labour and equipments is in 12 digits based on MasterFormat, which is the international coding system being followed in US, Canada, China, Singapore and India.

• The analysis of rates include coefficients and rates of all the materials, labour and equipments in the analysis.

• Allows quick preparation of estimates by entering quantities in the items of work.

• Gives an estimate breakup, which totals all the materials, labour and equipments, with quantities, rates and amounts, in the estimate.

• Facility to modify coefficients and change rates of materials, labour and equipments in analysis and estimate. Also to add and remove materials, labour and equipments in analysis.

• Facility to change overhead percentage in items of work individually, and also in the estimate collectively. Also, add additional taxes ie VAT, excise , octroi etc.

• Facility to copy the items of work and analysis from the master database, modify them and create new items of work and analysis.



Special Publications - SP

SP4
1970 Metric Change in India
http://www.ziddu.com/download/9224552/SP4.pdf.html

SP6(1)
1964 Handbook for structural engineers - Structural steel sections
http://www.ziddu.com/download/9224039/SP6_1.pdf.html

SP6(2)
1962 Handbook For Structural Engineers - 2 : Steel Beams and Plate Girders
http://www.ziddu.com/download/9224034/SP6_2.pdf.html

SP6(3)
1962 Handbook Structural Engineers - Part 3 : Steel Columns and Struts
http://www.ziddu.com/download/9224037/SP6_3.pdf.html

SP6(4)
1969 ISI Handbook for Structural Engineers 4. Use of High Strength Friction Grip Bolts
http://www.ziddu.com/download/9224038/SP6_4.pdf.html

SP6(5)
1980 Handbook for structural engineers - Cold-formed, light gauge steel structures
http://www.ziddu.com/download/9224032/SP6_5.pdf.html

SP6(6)
1972 Handbook for structural engineers - Application of plastic theory in design of steel structures
http://www.ziddu.com/download/9224036/SP6_6.pdf.html

SP6(7)
1972 ISI Handbook for Structural Engineers - Part 7 : Simple Welded Girders
http://www.ziddu.com/download/9224035/SP6_7.pdf.html

SP10
1975 Nomograms for Thickness of Masonry Walls
http://www.ziddu.com/download/9224033/SP10.pdf.html

SP12
1975 Handbook for Gas Welders
http://www.ziddu.com/download/9224031/SP12gaswelders.pdf.html

SP14
1976 Index to Steel Designations
http://www.ziddu.com/download/9224040/SP14.pdf.html

SP16 design aids for IS 456
1980 Design Aids for Reinforced Concrete to IS 456 : 1978
http://www.ziddu.com/download/9223582/SP16designaidsforIS456.rar.html

SP17
1979 Index to IS 1956 Glossary of Terms Relating to Iron and Steel
http://www.ziddu.com/download/9224548/SP17.pdf.html

SP20
1991 Handbook on Masonry Design and Construction
http://www.ziddu.com/download/9224546/SP20.pdf.html

SP21
1983 Summaries of Indian Standards for Building Materials
http://www.ziddu.com/download/9224549/SP21.pdf.html

SP22
1982 Explanatory Handbook on Codes for Earthquake Engineering
http://www.ziddu.com/download/9224545/SP22explanatoryforEQcodes.pdf.html

SP23
1982 Handbook on Concrete Mixes
http://www.ziddu.com/download/9224554/SP23concretemixes.pdf.html

SP24
1983 Explanatory Handbook on Indian Standard Code of Practice for Plain and Reinforced Concrete
http://www.ziddu.com/download/9224551/SP24explanatoryforIS456.pdf.html

SP25
1984 Handbook on Causes and Prevention of Cracks in Buildings
http://www.ziddu.com/download/9224553/SP25.pdf.html

SP27
1987 Handbook on method of measurement of buildings works
http://www.ziddu.com/download/9224547/SP27methodofmeasurementofwork.pdf.html

SP30
1985 Special Publication - National Electrical Code
http://www.ziddu.com/download/9224550/SP30.pdf.html

SP32
1986 Handbook on Functional Requirements of Industrial Buildings (Lighting and Ventilation)
http://www.ziddu.com/download/9225127/SP32forindustrialbuildings.pdf.html

SP33
1986 Handbook on Timber Engineering
http://www.ziddu.com/download/9225128/SP33.pdf.html

SP34
1987 Handbook on Concrete Reinforcement and Detailing
http://www.ziddu.com/download/9225123/SP34detailinghandbook.pdf.html

SP35
1987 Handbook on Water Supply and Drainage (with Special Emphasis on Plumbing)
http://www.ziddu.com/download/9225124/SP35watersupplyanddrainage.pdf.html

SP36(1)
1987 Compendium of Indian standards on soil engineering: Part 1 Laboratory testing of soils for civil engineering purposes
http://www.ziddu.com/download/9225126/SP36_1.pdf.html

SP36(2)
1988 Compendium of Indian standards on soil engineering: Part 2 Field testing
http://www.ziddu.com/download/9225125/SP36_2.pdf.html

SP38
1987 Handbook of Typified Designs for Structures with Steel Roof Trusses (with and without Cranes) (Based on is Codes)
http://www.ziddu.com/download/9225130/SP38forstructureswithsteelrooftrusses.pdf.html

SP40
1987 Handbook on Structures with Steel Portal Frames
http://www.ziddu.com/download/9225129/SP40structureswithsteelportalframes.pdf.html

Monday, March 15, 2010

ISO (International Organization for Standardization)

ISO (International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies, at present comprising 140 members, one in each country.  The object of ISO is to promote the development of standardization and related activities in the world with a view to facilitating international exchange of goods and services, and to developing cooperation in the spheres of intellectual, scientific, technological and economic activity.  The results of ISO technical work are published as International Standards.

ISO-8042
http://www.ziddu.com/download/9280340/ISO8042.pdf.html

ISO-9000
http://www.ziddu.com/download/9280337/ISO9000.pdf.html

ISO-9001
http://www.ziddu.com/download/9280341/ISO9001.pdf.html

ISO-9004
http://www.ziddu.com/download/9280344/ISO9004.pdf.html

ISO-9248
http://www.ziddu.com/download/9280346/ISO9248.pdf.html

ISO-10005
http://www.ziddu.com/download/9280343/ISO10005.pdf.html

ISO-10006
http://www.ziddu.com/download/9280339/ISO10006.pdf.html

ISO-10007
http://www.ziddu.com/download/9280342/ISO10007.pdf.html

ISO-10012
http://www.ziddu.com/download/9280338/ISO10012.pdf.html

ISO-10012_2
http://www.ziddu.com/download/9280345/ISO10012_2.pdf.html

ISO-10013
http://www.ziddu.com/download/9280449/ISO10013.pdf.html

ISO-10015
http://www.ziddu.com/download/9280453/ISO10015.pdf.html

ISO-14001
http://www.ziddu.com/download/9280447/ISO14001.pdf.html

ISO-14004
http://www.ziddu.com/download/9280451/ISO14004.pdf.html

ISO-14010
http://www.ziddu.com/download/9280448/ISO14010.pdf.html

ISO-14011
http://www.ziddu.com/download/9280450/ISO14011.pdf.html

ISO-14012
http://www.ziddu.com/download/9280452/ISO14012.pdf.html

ISO-14015
http://www.ziddu.com/download/9280444/ISO14015.pdf.html

ISO-14020
http://www.ziddu.com/download/9280446/ISO14020.pdf.html

ISO-14021
http://www.ziddu.com/download/9280445/ISO14021.pdf.html

ISO-14024
http://www.ziddu.com/download/9280485/ISO14024.pdf.html

ISO-14031
http://www.ziddu.com/download/9280488/ISO14031.pdf.html

ISO-14040
http://www.ziddu.com/download/9280484/ISO14040.pdf.html

ISO-14041
http://www.ziddu.com/download/9280487/ISO14041.pdf.html

ISO-14050
http://www.ziddu.com/download/9280486/ISO14050.pdf.html

Wednesday, March 10, 2010

Excel Sheets for Civil Engineers

Over 350 Excel Sheets for Civil Engineers for

Analysis
Bar Bending Schedules
Beam
Bridge
Column
Drawing
Estimates
Foundation
Hydraulics
Layout
Loading
Misc.
Prestress
RCC
RCC Design
Retaining Wall
Section Properties
Seismic
Slab
Soil Mechanics
Stairs
Steel
Wall

http://ul.to/rchi7u/EXCEL_SHEETS.part01.rar
http://ul.to/it5fjl/EXCEL_SHEETS.part02.rar
http://ul.to/1n4frw/EXCEL_SHEETS.part03.rar
http://ul.to/rxkp2b/EXCEL_SHEETS.part04.rar
http://ul.to/6ir6r5/EXCEL_SHEETS.part05.rar
http://ul.to/8hpkf5/EXCEL_SHEETS.part06.rar

Tuesday, March 2, 2010

Collection of E-Books for Civil/Electrical Engineers

Civil Engineering Source Book
http://rapidshare.com/files/201017418/aboutcivil.com-civil-engineering-illustrated-sourcebook.rar

Civil Engineering Dictionary
http://rapidshare.com/files/201025706/aboutcivil.com-Dictionary-of-Civil-Engineering.pdf

Design of Concrete Structures
http://rapidshare.com/files/201031974/aboutcivil.com-Design-of-Concrete-Structures_13th_Edition-_Malestrom_.pdf.pdf

Differential Equations Solutions
http://rapidshare.com/files/201036434/Differential-equations-solutions-aboutcivil.com.zip

Civil Engineering Handbook
http://rapidshare.com/files/201194243/Civil-Engineering-Handbook-aboutcivil.com-2nd-Edition.rar

Advanced Engineering Mathematics Solution Manual
http://rapidshare.com/files/201344653/_Solutions_Manual___Instructors__Advanced_Engineering_Mathematics_8Ed_-_Erwin_Kreyszig.pdf

Calculus, Thomas Finney
http://rapidshare.com/files/201436484/thomas-finney-calculus-solution-manual-aboutcivil.com.pdf

Building Design and Construction Handbook
http://rapidshare.com/files/208521134/Builing-Design-and-Construction-Handbook-aboutcivil.com.zip

Insulation Handbook
http://rapidshare.com/files/208521135/Insulation-Handbook-aboutcivil.com.zip

Roofing Handbook
http://rapidshare.com/files/208521136/Roofing-Handbook-aboutcivil.com.zip

Soil Mechanics Full course notes and Lectures
http://rapidshare.com/files/208717015/soil-mechanics-full-course-notes-and-lectures.pdf
http://rapidshare.com/files/208754049/soil-mechanics-1-high.pdf

Building Construction and Design Lectures and Notes
http://rapidshare.com/files/208776778/BCD_high.pdf

Builder's Foundation Handbook
http://rapidshare.com/files/210265741/Builder-Foundation-Handbook.zip

McGraw Hill Engineering Formulas
http://rapidshare.com/files/210268564/mc-graw-hill-engineering-formulas-aboutcivil.com.zip

Architect's Portable Handbook
http://rapidshare.com/files/210275774/architects-portable-handbook-aboutcivil.com.zip

Structural Engineer's Pocket handbook
http://rapidshare.com/files/210279196/Structural-Engineers-Pocket-Book-aboutcivil.com.zip

Engineering Economics
http://rapidshare.com/files/211060819/engineering-economics-high.zip

Engineering Materials
http://rapidshare.com/files/211286407/Engineering-Materials-aboutcivil.com.pdf

Soil Engineering and Testing
http://rapidshare.com/files/211290416/Soil_Engineering-_testing-design-remediation-aboutcivil.com.pdf

WHO Guidelines
http://rapidshare.com/files/211525761/WHO-GUIDELINES-aboutcivil.com.rar

Manual of Engineering Drawing
http://rapidshare.com/files/214905702/MANUAL-OF-ENGINEERING-DRAWING-aboutcivil.com.pdf

Transportation Engineering
http://rapidshare.com/files/215401515/transportation-aboutcivil.com.rar
http://rapidshare.com/files/215401517/Transportation-Engineering-aboutcivil.com.zip
http://rapidshare.com/files/215584102/handbook-transportation-aboutcivil.com.rar
http://rapidshare.com/files/215584103/airport-design-aboutcivil.com.zip

Analyzing Uncertainity in Civil Engineering
http://rapidshare.com/files/216222179/analyzing-uncertainity-aboutcivil.com.rar

Computational Methods in Structural Engineering
http://rapidshare.com/files/218984286/comp-methods-in-struct-engg-aboutcivil.com.pdf

Structural Engineering Formulas
http://rapidshare.com/files/218984292/structural-engg-formulas-aboutcivil.com.pdf

Tuesday, February 2, 2010

Graduate Aptitude Test in Engineering (GATE)

Graduate Aptitude Test in Engineering (GATE)  is an all India examination administered and conducted jointly by the Indian Institute of Science and seven Indian Institutes of Technology on behalf of the National Coordination Board - GATE, Department of Higher Education, Ministry of Human Resource Development (MHRD), Government of India.

GATE Previous Year Papers - SOLVED

GATE CE 2008
http://www.ziddu.com/download/9004937/GATE-2008.pdf.html

GATE CE 2007
http://www.ziddu.com/download/9004938/GATE-2007.pdf.html

GATE CE 2006
http://www.ziddu.com/download/9004804/GATE-2006.pdf.html

GATE CE 2005
http://www.ziddu.com/download/9004803/GATE-2005.pdf.html

GATE CE 2004
http://www.ziddu.com/download/9004809/GATE-2004.pdf.html

GATE CE 2003
http://www.ziddu.com/download/9004810/GATE-2003.pdf.html

GATE CE 2002
http://www.ziddu.com/download/9004806/GATE-2002.pdf.html

GATE CE 2001
http://www.ziddu.com/download/9004805/GATE-2001.pdf.html

GATE CE 2000
http://www.ziddu.com/download/9004808/GATE-2000.pdf.html

GATE CE 1999
http://www.ziddu.com/download/9004811/GATE-1999.pdf.html

GATE CE 1998
http://www.ziddu.com/download/9004812/GATE-1998.pdf.html

GATE CE 1997
http://www.ziddu.com/download/9004807/GATE-1997.pdf.html